2020年7月两次入海江淮气旋爆发性与非爆发性发展特征对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

吕润清  陈小宇  韩桂荣  李超 《气象科学》2023,43(5):612-623

利用高时空分辨率的欧洲中期天气预报中心（European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts，ECMWF）对全球气候的第五代大气再分析数据集（European Re-Analyses 5，ERA5），对比分析了2020年7月淮河上游地区的两次江淮气旋过程，并结合海洋—大气—波浪—泥沙耦合模式（Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport modeling system，COAWST）进行敏感性试验，探讨同一气候尺度背景下，高低频大气环流形势和海气耦合作用对江淮气旋的影响。结果表明，低空环流形势的高频变化和海表温度的升高对气旋的大风影响和强度发展有重要作用。低空环流形势中，存在"气旋—反气旋—气旋"环流天气尺度波列，易造成气旋大风叠加增强；海气交互界面的高海表温度加热作用导致的感热和潜热释放通过气旋北部弯曲锋面强烈的上升运动，为气旋发展提供能量，促进气旋入海后爆发性增强。  相似文献   

用广义协调元分析复合式多层无孔和开孔矩形薄板的振动     

李自林  王荣霞  刘兴业 《地震工程与工程振动》2004,24(2):64-68

复合式多层无孔和开孔矩形薄板是桥梁结构和建筑等结构中的最重要的组成部分。当研究它们的振动问题时,用解析法求解自振频率十分困难,而采用通用的有限元法求解自由度数目多,收敛也比较慢。本文利用三角形薄板广义协调元分析了复合式多层四边简支、四边固定无孔和开孔矩形薄板的自由振动,求出了前几阶频率系数,其结果与用ANSYS软件算出的结果基本接近,当为单层无孔和开孔板时,与文献[8]的结果完全相同,且与文献[10]的解析解吻合较好,证明了本文理论推导及程序编制的正确性,表明广义协调元与有限元相比具有自由度少、精度高、程序简便以及收敛快等优点。  相似文献   

Pixel‐scale evaluation of SSM/I sea‐ice algorithms in the marginal ice zone during early fall freeze‐up     

Byong Jun Hwang  David G. Barber 《水文研究》2006,20(9):1909-1927

Observed reduction in recent sea ice areal extent and thickness has focused attention on the fact that the Arctic marine system appears to be responding to global‐scale climate variability and change. Passive microwave remote‐sensing data are the primary source underpinning these reports, yet problems remain in geophysical inversion of information on ice type and concentration. Uncertainty in sea‐ice concentration (SIC) retrievals is highest in the summer and fall, when water occurs in liquid phase within the snow–sea‐ice system. Of particular scientific interest is the timing and rate of new ice formation due to the control that this form of sea ice has on mass, energy and gas fluxes across the ocean–sea‐ice–atmosphere interface. In this paper we examine the critical fall freeze‐up period using in situ data from a ship‐based and aerial survey programme known as the Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange study combined with microwave and optical Earth observations data. Results show that: (1) the overall physical conditions observed from aerial survey photography were well matched with coincident moderate‐resolution imaging spectroradiometer data and Radarsat ScanSAR imagery; (2) the shortwave albedo was linearly related to old ice concentration derived from survey photography; (3) the three SSM/I SIC algorithms (NASA Team (NT), NASA Team 2 (NT2), and Bootstrap (BT)) showed considerable discrepancies in pixel‐scale comparison with the Radarsat ScanSAR SICs well calibrated by the aerial survey data. The major causes of the discrepancies are attributed to (1) the inherent inability to detect the new thin ice in the NT and BT algorithms, (2) mismatches of the thin‐ice tie point of the NT2 algorithm, and (3) sub‐pixel ambiguity between the thin ice and the mixture of open water and sea ice. These results suggest the need for finer resolution of passive microwave sensors, such as AMSR‐E, to improve the precision of the SSM/I SIC algorithms in the marginal ice zone during early fall freeze‐up. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

声波测井薄层厚度计算公式的研究与应用     

吴奇  汤井田 《物探化探计算技术》2007,29(1):26-29

以解决工程实践难题为目的,首次提出了根据换能器与薄层所处位置不同,分别利用其不同求薄层厚度公式之观点。研究了声波测井薄层厚度定量计算公式,详细介绍了公式在高背景上检出Vp低值薄层,在低背景上检出Vp高值薄层的应用情况。并就薄层纵波速度的获取以及如何选用合适计算公式等问题作了一些探讨。同时,通过实例证明了这些措施对提高薄层厚度定量计算精度的重要性。  相似文献   

地震资料预测薄层厚度方法研究与应用   总被引：10，自引：15，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

柏冠军  吴汉宁  赵希刚  王靖华 《地球物理学进展》2006,21(2):554-558

薄层厚度预测一直是公认的难题之一，其难度就在于如何准确地识别和提取薄层的地震属性.常规方法是利用时间域或频率域地震属性与薄层厚度的线性关系计算.但是理论与实际资料表明，不同的薄层和地层组合对地震波的动力学的信息影响很大，各种参数与薄层厚度成非线性关系，使用单一的信息不可能准确预测薄层厚度.本文利用三种线性预测原理（模型），经数学变换为属性参数，采用非线性BP网络预测薄层厚度，取得了令人满意的效果.  相似文献   

Predicting the distribution of thin bed reservoirs by broad frequency band seismic   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

李子顺  郭学斌 《应用地球物理》2007,4(2):118-126

Recognition of thin interbedded reservoirs in the middle-shallow strata in the Songliao Basin is a great difficulty. In order to resolve this problem, we present a technique for predicting the distribution of thin reservoirs using a broad frequency band and ultra high resolution seismic. Based on forward modeling, we recognized that a thin bed seismic reflection is characterized by changing amplitude with changing frequency （amplitude versus frequency, AVF）. We calculate the thickness of thin reservoirs from their AVF characteristics and predict the distribution of thin bed reservoir using broad frequency band and ultra high resolution seismic. The technique has been applied in the 3D seismic area of Zhaoyuan in the northern part of the Songliao Basin. The seismic resolution is increased by two or three times over that of conventional seismic and many thin reservoirs have been identified. The technique has extensive application to the exploration and development of oil and gas, such as optimizing the location of exploration wells, the design of wells （especially horizontal wells）, choice of production test layers, analyzing reservoir continuity in development wells, and so on.  相似文献   

基于Mallat算法遥感图像去云雾处理的改进方法   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

朱锡芳  吴峰  庄燕滨 《遥感学报》2007,11(2):241-246

遥感图像云雾处于相对低频、景物处于相对高频。根据小波变换多分辨率的特点,分析云雾和景物在小波系数中的分布,得出景物信息包含于低层细节系数,而云雾信息包含于高层细节系数和近似系数。本文通过增大图像的低层细节系数,减小高层细节系数,并适当减小近似系数,达到去除云雾的目的。最后评价了图像处理结果,并与同态滤波做比较,表明本文方法是有效的。  相似文献   

地震子波旁瓣对薄砂体识别的影响     

黄军斌  高利军  高勇 《应用地球物理》2007,4(2)

我们研究中国西部某盆地一些气田时,发现地震子波旁瓣在很大程度上影响着薄砂体的识别和解释。该区目的层段H段地层中,辫状河流相薄砂岩储层与湖相泥岩成互层。在地震资料上,来自H段地层顶面的强波谷总跟随一个弱波峰(源于子波旁瓣),此弱波峰与薄砂体顶面反射波峰相互叠合,掩盖了砂体反射,造成了薄砂体识别和解释的困难。为此,我们设计了一套正演模型,利用不同频率的零相位雷克子波合成人工地震剖面,来研究砂体位置、频率与地震子波旁瓣效应的关系,以及振幅类属性与薄砂体关系。提出处于高位置的砂体反射形态清晰,易于识别解释;认为通过对比不同带通滤波处理后的地震资料,可很好辨别旁瓣效应和砂体反射;同时发现振幅类属性可作为薄砂体识别表征参数,可有效合理地描述砂体分布范围和特征。  相似文献   

Petrologic constraints on the decompression history of magma prior to Vulcanian explosions at the Soufrière Hills volcano,Montserrat     

A.B. Clarke  S. Stephens  R. Teasdale  R.S.J. Sparks  K. Diller 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2007

A series of 88 Vulcanian explosions occurred at the Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat, between August and October, 1997. Conduit conditions conducive to creating these and other Vulcanian explosions were explored via analysis of eruptive products and one-dimensional numerical modeling of magma ascent through a cylindrical conduit. The number densities and textures of plagioclase microlites were documented for twenty-three samples from the events. The natural samples all show very high number densities of microlites, and > 50% by number of microlites have areas < 20 μm². Pre-explosion conduit conditions and decompression history have been inferred from these data by comparison with experimental decompressions of similar groundmass compositions. Our comparisons suggest quench pressures < 30 MPa (origin depths < 2 km) and multiple rapid decompressions of > 13.75 MPa each during ascent from chamber to surface. Values are consistent with field studies of the same events and statistical analysis of explosion time-series data. The microlite volume number density trend with depth reveals an apparent transition from growth-dominated crystallization to nucleation-dominated crystallization at pressures of ∼ 7 MPa and lower. A concurrent sharp increase in bulk density marks the onset of significant open-system degassing, apparently due to a large increase in system permeability above ∼ 70% vesicularity. This open-system degassing results in a dense plug which eventually seals the conduit and forms conditions favorable to Vulcanian explosions. The corresponding inferred depth of overpressure at 250–700 m, near the base of the dense plug, is consistent with depth to center of pressure estimated from deformation measurements. Here we also illustrate that one-dimensional models representing ascent of a degassing, crystal-rich magma are broadly consistent with conduit profiles constructed via our petrologic analysis. The comparison between models and petrologic data suggests that the dense conduit plug forms as a result of high overpressure and open-system degassing through conduit walls.  相似文献   

Micromorphological Analysis of Coastal Sediments from Willapa Bay, Washington, USA: A Technique for Analysing Inferred Tsunami Deposits     

Aoibheann A. Kilfeather  Jeffrey J. Blackford  Jaap J. M. van der Meer 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(2-3):509-525

Tsunami deposits are provisionally distinguished in the field on the basis of anomalous sand horizons, fining-up and fining-landward, coupled with organic-rich, fragmented `backwash' sediments. In this paper, micromorphological features of a sediment sequence previously interpreted as being of tsunami origin are described. These characteristics are shown to be consistent with the macro-scale features used elsewhere, but show additional details not seen in standard stratigraphies, including possible evidence for individual waves, possibly wave-magnitude progression, organic fragment alignment and intraclast microstructures. Although replication and more complete studies are needed, this analysis confirms the identification of a tsunami in Willapa Bay in ca.1700 AD, while demonstrating a widely applicable technique for confirming or refuting possible tsunami deposits.  相似文献